Foreign Policy and Kenya’s Foreign Relations, 1963–2017
Kenya’s foreign policy can be traced back to the country’s achievement of political independence in 1963. Acquiring the status of statehood as defined by the existence of recognized territorial boundaries, a population, a government, and the ability to interact with other actors in the international system meant that Kenya had attained a legal personality with both rights and obligations within the confines of international law (Shaw, 2008). Equally, as a newly established sovereign state, Kenya had to identify some principles that would guide her interaction with the external environment at the regional and global levels. Such principles make up what is otherwise referred to as the country’s foreign policy (Kaarbo et al., 2013; Alden & Aran, 2012). Although most principles of Kenya’s foreign policy have remained unaltered since independence, there have been progressive inconsistencies as the country responds to emerging internal and external realities.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Subscribe and save
Springer+ Basic
€32.70 /Month
- Get 10 units per month
- Download Article/Chapter or eBook
- 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
- Cancel anytime
Buy Now
Price includes VAT (France)
eBook EUR 139.09 Price includes VAT (France)
Softcover Book EUR 179.34 Price includes VAT (France)
Hardcover Book EUR 179.34 Price includes VAT (France)
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Nigeria’s Foreign Policy Since Independence: Problems, Challenges and Opportunities
Chapter © 2023
Foreign Policy in an Age of Globalization
Chapter © 2015
The Changing Dimensions of India’s Foreign Relations During COVID-19
Chapter © 2022
References
- Adams, O. G. (1995). The Role of Parliament in Foreign Policy-Making Process in Kenya, 1963–1993. Unpublished MA Thesis, Department of Political Science and Public Administration, University of Nairobi. Google Scholar
- Adar, K. G. (1994). Kenyan Foreign Policy Behaviour Towards Somalia, 1963–1983. University Press of America. Google Scholar
- Adar, K. G. (2007). Kenya’s Foreign Policy and Foreign Policy-Making Process: Analytical Context. In K. G. Adar & P. J. Schraeder (Eds.), Globalization and Emerging Trends in African Foreign Policy, Volume 11: A Comparative Perspective of Eastern Africa (pp. 71–90). University of America Press. Google Scholar
- Adar, K. G. (2008). The Legal Framework of the GNU and the Doctrine of Seperation of Powers: Implication for Kenya’s Legislative Assembly. Journal of African Elections, 7(2), 52–76. ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Adar, K. G. (2011). Kenya’s Foreign Policy and Geostrategic Interests: The Case of the Nile River basin. In K. G. Adar & N. A. Check (Eds.), Cooperative Diplomacy, Regional Stability and National Interests: The Nile River and Riparian States (pp. 167–188). Africa Institute of South Africa. Google Scholar
- Adar, K. G. (2015). Foreign Policy Processes in African States. In K. Brummer & V. Hudson (Eds.), Foreign Policy Analysis Beyond North America (pp. 101–119). Lynne Rienner Publisher. ChapterGoogle Scholar
- Adar, K. G. (2018). Sovereignty of East Africans in the Balance: The Role of East African Legislative Assembly and the Integration Process of the EAC. In K. G. Adar, G. Finizio, & A. Meyer (Eds.), Building Regionalism from Below: The Role of Parliaments and Civil Society in Regional Integration in Africa (pp. 65–89). P.I.E. Peter Lang. ChapterGoogle Scholar
- Adar, K. G., & Kaburu, M. K. (2019). Regime Construction and Stability in the Nile Basin: The East African Community Multilateral Diplomacy in a Theoretical Context. In F. Onditi et al. (Eds.), Contemporary Africa and the Forseeable World Order (pp. 279–294). Lexington Books. Google Scholar
- Adar, K. G., & Kaburu, M. K. (2020). Realist Conception of Kenya’s Foreign Policy and Foreign Policy Behaviour: A Theoretical and Contextual Disposition. In P. H. Bischoff (Ed.), African Foreign Policy Studies: Selecting Signifiers to Explain Agency (pp. 118–137). Routledge. Google Scholar
- Adar, K. G., & Ngunyi, M. (1994). Politics of Integration in East Africa. In W. O. Oyugi (Ed.), Politics and Administration in East Africa (pp. 395–525). East African Educational Publishers. Google Scholar
- African Union. (2013). Decision on International Jurisdiction, Justice and the International Criminal Court (ICC)1 - Doc. Assembly/AU/13(XXI). Google Scholar
- Alden, C., & Aran, A. (2012). Foreign Policy Analysis: New Approaches. Routledge. Google Scholar
- Allison, G. T. (1971). Essence of Decision Making: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. Little, Brown. Google Scholar
- Anderson, M. D., & McKnight, J. (2014). Kenya at War: Al Shabaab and Its Enemies in East Africa. African Affairs, 114(454), 1–27. ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Anyona, R. (2019). Kenya’s Foreign Policy (2013-2017) and African Renaissance. In F. Onditi et al. (Eds.), Contemporary Africa and the Forseeable World Order (pp. 361–375). Lexington Books. Google Scholar
- Barkan, J. D., & Matiangi, F. (2009). Kenya’s Tortuous Path to Successful Legislative Development. In J. D. Barkan (Ed.), Legislative Power in Emerging African Democracies (pp. 33–72). Lynne Rienner Publishers. ChapterGoogle Scholar
- Brown, S. (2004). Theorising Kenya’s Protracted Transition to Democracy. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 22(3), 325–342. ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Green, J. (2016). Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Policy in Africa: Reflections of a Diplomat. In K. G. Adar, P. K. Loch, & P. Inoti (Eds.), African Foreign Policy, Diplomacy and Leadership: Reflections of Diplomats and Scholars (pp. 15–19). Nairobi. Google Scholar
- Healy, S. (2009). Peacemaking in the Amidst of War: An Assessment of IGAD’s Contribution to Regional Security. In Working Paper No. 59. Crisis States Research Centre. Google Scholar
- Hornsby, C. (2012). Kenya: A History Since Independence. I.B. Tauris & Co. BookGoogle Scholar
- Howell, J. (1968). An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 6(1), 29–48. ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Hudson, V. M. (2005). Foreign Policy Analysis: Actor-Specific Theory and the Ground of International Relations. Foreign Policy Analysis, 1(I), 1–30. ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Hudson, V. M. (2012). The History and Evolution of Foreign Policy Analysis. In S. Smith, A. Hadfield, & T. Dunne (Eds.), Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors, Cases. Oxford University Press. Google Scholar
- Jervis, R. (1976). Perception and Misperception in International Politics. Princeton University Press. Google Scholar
- Kaarbo, J., Lantis, J. S., & Beasley, R. K. (2013). An Analysis of Foreign Policy in a Comparative Perspective. In J. Kaarbo, J. S. Lantis, & R. K. Beasley (Eds.), Foreign Policy in Comparative Perspective: Domestic and International Influences on State Behaviour (pp. 1–26). SAGE. Google Scholar
- Kaburu, M. K. (2017). Decision Making Theory and Foreign Policy Process: Empirical Ontological and Epistemological Contextualization of Kenya’s Diplomacy Towards Somalia, 1996–2012. PhD Dissertion, United States Ingternational University, Nairobi. Google Scholar
- Kaburu, M. K. (2018). Regional Organizations and Conflict Management in Africa: A Contextual Assessment of the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) in Somalia. Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa, 9(2), 16–27. Google Scholar
- Kaburu, M. K. & K. G. Adar. 2020. “Kenya Citizens’ Sovereignty, Popular Participation and the EAC Integration and Democratization,” in K.G. Adar, et al. Democratization and Integration in the East African Community: Improving Responsiveness to Popular Participation. : Lexington Books, 55–75. Google Scholar
- Kagwanja, P. (2012). Kiraitu Murungi: An Odyssey in Kenyan Politics. East African Educational Publishers. Google Scholar
- Kamudhayi, O. (2004). The Somali Peace Process. In M. Mwagiru (Ed.), African Regional Security at the Age of Globalization (pp. 107–123). Heinrich Ball Foundation. Google Scholar
- Kenya Defence Forces. (2014). Operation Linda Nchi: Kenya’s Military Experience in Somalia. Kenya Defence Forces. Google Scholar
- Kenya, Republic of. (1965). Sessional Paper No.10: African Socialism and Application on Planning in Kenya. Government Printer. Google Scholar
- Kenya, Republic of. (2003). Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation, 2003–2007. Government Printer. Google Scholar
- Kenya, Republic of. (2006). Refugee Act, 2006. Nairobi. Google Scholar
- Kenya, Republic of. (2010). Constitution of Kenya, 2010. Government Printer. Retrieved May 5, 2019, from https://www.kenyaembassy.com/pdfs/the%20constitution%20of%20kenya.pdfGoogle Scholar
- Kibati, B. J. (2016). Memoirs of a Kenyan Spymaster. Nairobi Academic Press. Google Scholar
- Lewis, I. M. (2002). A Modern History of the Somali. James Currey. BookGoogle Scholar
- Leys, C. (1975). Under-Development in Kenya. East African Publishers. Google Scholar
- Mabera, F. (2016). Kenya’s Foreign Policy in Context (1963–2015). South African Journal of International Affairs, 23(3), 365–384. ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Makinda, S. M. (1983). From Quiet Diplomacy to Cold War Politics: Kenya’s Foreign Policy. Third World Quarterly, 5(2), 300–319. ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Menkhaus, K. (2014). Somalia: What Went Wrong? The RUSI Journal, 154(4), 6–12. ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Munene, M. (2012). Historical Reflections on Kenya: Intellectual Adventurism, Politics and International Relations. University of Nairobi Press. Google Scholar
- Mwagiru, M. (2000). The Elusive Quest: Conflict, Diplomacy, and Foreign Policy in Kenya. In P. G. Okoth & B. A. Ogot (Eds.), Conflict in Contemporary Africa (pp. 177–189). Jomo Kenyatta Foudation. Google Scholar
- Mwagiru, M. (2006). Conflicts in Africa: Theory, Processes and Institutions of Management. Centre for Conflict Research. Google Scholar
- Mwanika, P. N. (2015). Kenya’s Soft Power Diplomacy and Strategic Intervention in the Somali Conflict. Occassional Paper, No. 1. Africa Institute of South Africa. Google Scholar
- Nzomo, M. (2016). Leadership and Statecraft in African Foreign Policy and Diplomatic Engagements. In K. G. Adar, P. K. Loch, & P. Inoti (Eds.), African Foreign Policy, Diplomacy and Leadership: Reflections of Diplomats and Scholars (pp. 99–116). African Institute of Leaders and Leadership. Google Scholar
- Okoth, P. G. (2010). Kenya and the Contemporary World Order. Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology. Google Scholar
- Orwa, D. K. (1994). Continuity and Change: Kenya’s Foreign Policy from Kenyatta to Moi. In W. O. Oyugi (Ed.), Politics of Administration in East Africa (pp. 297–330). East African Education Publishers. Google Scholar
- Shaw, M. N. (2008). International Law. Cambridge University Press. BookGoogle Scholar
- Thompson, V. B. (2015). Conflict in the Horn of Africa: The Kenya-Somalia Border Problem, 1924–2014. University Press of America. Google Scholar
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
- United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya Mercy Kathambi Kaburu & Korwa Gombe Adar
- University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana Mercy Kathambi Kaburu & Korwa Gombe Adar
- Mercy Kathambi Kaburu
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
- Rhodes College, Memphis, TN, USA Wanjala S. Nasong'o
- Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya Maurice N. Amutabi
- Department of History, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA Toyin Falola
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kaburu, M.K., Adar, K.G. (2023). Foreign Policy and Kenya’s Foreign Relations, 1963–2017. In: Nasong'o, W.S., Amutabi, M.N., Falola, T. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Contemporary Kenya. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15854-4_27
Download citation
- DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15854-4_27
- Published : 26 April 2023
- Publisher Name : Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
- Print ISBN : 978-3-031-15853-7
- Online ISBN : 978-3-031-15854-4
- eBook Packages : HistoryHistory (R0)
Share this chapter
Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:
Get shareable link
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.
Copy to clipboard
Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative